Wheeled rotary axle boxing for mine and other cars



March 17. 1925- A. H. STOW WHEELED ROTARY AXLE BOXING .FOR MINE AND OTHER CARS Filed Nov. 22,1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 I Y wk IN VENTOR 4 flaw z;

WITNESSES.-

' March 17. 1925- 1,530,333

A. H. sTow 3 Filed Nov 22 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 N & 0 o 1" gm VIII/ll A WJZN'SSfS; 11v VENTOR March 17. 1925- A. H. STOW WHEELED ROTARY AXLE BOXING FOR MINE AND OTHER CARS Filed Nov, 22

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 'Lcooooo INVENTOR 42/14 1W yvv vvy

Match 17. 1925- A. H. sTow WHEELED ROTARY AXLE BOXING FOR MINE ANDv OTHER CARS Filed Nov. 22, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 0 l K V 2 MJINI 851' S: 11v VLN TOR M4, mm

Fig. 23. L

Patented Mar. 17, 1925.

UNITED STATES AUDL'EY HART screw, or CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA.

WHFEELED ROTARY Axmanoxmor resume AND OTHER cans.

Application filed November 22, 1923. Serial No. 676,326.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, AUDLEY HART S'row,

a citizen of the United States of America,

and resident of Charleston, county of Kanawha, State of est Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to \Vheeled Rotary Axle Boxings for Mine and Other Cars, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in and relating to mine cars and the like; and the objects and nature of the invention will be readily understood by those skilled-in the art in the light of the following explanation of the accompanying drawings illustrating what I now believe to be the preferred mechanical expressions or embodiments from among other forms, constructions and arrangements within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Mine cars of a celtain new type, may be termed side sill supported wing type mine cars, for the reason that the relatively light and flimsy lading holding body, the upper portions of which overhang the wheel truck as viewed from. front or rear in order to gain capacity, is supported by a strongly constructed traction truck, the sides of which consist of metal beams which in turn consist of upper and lower horizontal members and vertical connecting members; with retary wheel axles passing throu h the vertical connectin members, and thus between the upper and lower horizontal members of the said metal beams which form the longitudinal supporting side sills of the said cars.

The removal of a sufficient amount of the metal of'the vertical connecting members of the longitudinal supporting side sills, for the passage of the wheel axles, necessarily somewhat weakens theside sills. An object of the present invention, is to provide a new and improved axle boxing, which while properly designed as an axle boxing, will at the same time reinforce the longitudinal supporting side sills, in an efiicient and practical manner, under all the varying conditions ofpractice; while at the same time, in addition, materially increasin the length of life, of both the car itself, an of the tipple equipment, through the automatic gravity, shock reduction construction of my Junk proved wheel axle boxing.

vWith these and other objects in view,

' hereinafterpointed out, the invention con sists in certain novel featureslin construction the.

and in combinations and arrangements as more fully and particularly set forth and pointed out hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a. side view in elevation of a wing type side sill supported mine car, in working position,'on section of rail, but with the left wheel hub, as shown, broken away, so as to expose my improved axle boxing, in position.

Fig. 2 is an outside side view in elevation of the supporting side sill removed from the car, but with the boxings attached, and the positions of the wheel axles indicated there- 1n.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectionof the car shown in Fig. 1, along the zig-zag dotted line- 33,Fig. 1. W

Fig. 4 is a side elevation, on a larger scale,

of the left'hand boxing shown in Fig.2, with of a portion ofthe construction shown in I Fi 7. v v

. Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9, of a slightly different 1 form of boxing andside s1 F ig. 11 is also a view similar to Fig. 4, of anstill different form of boxing and side s1 Fig. 12 is a transverse vertical section along the zig-zag dotted line 12-12, Fig. 11. Fig; 13 isa view similar .toFig. 4, showing built up z-bar side sill, andalso showing another formof my improved-boxing. 14 isa view similar to Fig. 5, along otted line 1414,"Fig.- 13, also showing built up Z -bar side sill.

Fig-. 15 is a side view, similar to Fig. 4, of "a still difl'erentform of boxing.

*Fig. 16 isa crossfsection along the zigzag dotted line 16-16, Fig. 15.

the dotted line binders C, serving to suitabl Fig. 20 is a section along the dotted line 20-20, Fig. 19.

Fig. 21 is a side view, similar to Fig. .1, showing the Fig. 15, boxing in position.

Fi". 22 is a view similar to Fig. 2, show- .ing 1; 10 Fig. 15 boxing, in position.

Fig. 23 is a transverse vertical section along the zig-zag dotted line 23, Fig. 21.

The upper and relatively light and flimsy Iading holding body A, Fig. 1, of the car illustrated, is of thin sheet metal, but may be made of Wood plank, and is supported and carried by the longitudinal supporting side sills B; the flat strap iron belts or connect the said'lading holding body an sills.

My side sill boxing, may be said to comprise the rotary axle boxing proper D, Fig. 5, and the vertical boxing face or attaching plate or member D Fig. 4, the said face plate being integral with the boxing element D.

Owing to the construction of this new type car, the weight of the lading and of the .lading holding body is necessarily transmitted to the traction truck which in turn transmits these weights, increased by the weight of the traction truck itself, to the axle boxings, through the action of the longitudinal supporting side sills.

When a mine car becomes derailed, it more usually drops either the height of the rail, say 3", or else the height of the rail and ties, say 9", and is then quite likely dragged some distance over the ties, perhaps until the car is finally stopped, by the front wheels hitting some obstruction.

gain, mine cars are emptied of their lading by belng moved rapidly up to the dumping position, in order that the maximum number of cars may be dumped or emptied of their lading in a minimum amount of time, and for the same reason the car .is then stopped at the dumping position, practically instantly.

The derailment shocks should not occur so frequently in a well regulated mine, but the dumping shock necessarily occurs once for every time a car is unloaded, for the life of the car. Practically all cars are stopped that they may be dumped, by allowing the front wheels only to hit a section of rail curved upward tofit the tread of the wheels.

In this new type car, owing to the mation of the axle boxings between-the up er and lower horizontal "side sill flanges, eit er the upper or lower flange which happens to be nearest to theboxing, offers an ideal method of engagementwith a corresponding flange of the boxing provided for that purpose, and which may evidently hemade of amply liberal proportions for the purpose,

with reasonabler'economy of material and workmanship.

What may be said to be the track clearance, at the end of the side sills B, Fig. 1, may be said to be the vertical height of the under side of the side sills, above the top of the rail E. In order to attain the maximum capacity of the car, other items being the same, the track clearance at the point indicated, should be kept as little, as otherwise practical.

With cars of ordinary capacity, more particularly, the position of the axles say midway between the upper and lower flanges, answers well enough, but with cars of greater capacity, the center of the axle will more usually be, a suitable distance below the center of the side sills, which position has therefore been selected,- for the purpose of illustration.

Of the rather numerous forms of structural steel side sills; that may be employed for this new type mine car, the Z-bars, of which there are several forms, have somewhat the advantage, under most conditions, the pressed Z-bar having been selected for use in most of the illustrations.

It has been convenient for the purpose of illustration, to make the vertical depth of the side sill B Fig. 6, for example, the same as that of the side sill B, Fig. 4.

evidently, however, Fig. 6 may be considered a view of a deeper side sill than that shown in Fig. 4, but drawn to a different scale.

As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the lower edge of the boxing face plate D is extended horizontally inwardly underneath the Z-bar flange B which horizontal inward extension D may be termed the boxing flange,

this extension being such that its upper face bears closely against the under face of the said Z-bar lower flange. As shown, the four bottom rivets F, hold the boxing flange and the Z-bar lower flange, in close contact. The six side rivets F similarly hold the boxing face plate in close contact with the Z-bar vertical connecting member B.

With the deeper side sills necessitated by 1 the heavier cars now under consideration, the axles G, Figs. 2, 4, '7, etc., will, as previously explained, he nearer the side sill lower flanges. It therefore follows that it is more economical in material, to get such a connection between the boxing, and the side sill lower flange, as will best serve the purpose desired, instead of with the side sill upper flanges, as explained further on. For the same track clearance, and the same depth of side sill, decreasing the diameter of the car wheehto meet difference in mining conditions, will evidently result inthe lowering oflthe axle, with respect'to the side sill, asillustrated by Figs. 6 and 7, .as. compared with Figs. 4.- and 5.

Th e lowerin 'jof the axle may evidently 'be such, that iii of the side sill B, Fig. 7,

. the axle G supports the boxing D.

giving,

below the axle bearing proper D has been cut away, the lower inner end of the axle bearing proper becoming then merged, with or integral with the boxing flange D, see also Fig. 8. In such a case, the said boxing flange D, may be said to be also a part of the compound or built up side sill lower flange, the other component of which is that portion of the side sill lower flange B", which has not been cut away.

Fig. 6 shows a somewhat more eflective way of reinforcing the side sills, thanthat shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 6, there are also ten rivets, six bottom rivets, F and four side rivets, F while the amount of cast steel in the two boxings, is at least approximately, the same. The boxing bottom flanges D Figs. 4.- and 5, may evidently be considered sill supporting lever armsfi las e longer boxing flanges D Figs. 6 and 7, therefore, evidently, will have greater sustaining power, other things'being equal.

As shown in Fig. 3,in order to attain maximum lading capacity, the Z-barside sill may be placed as close to the wheel H, as will permit the upper flange B of the Z-b'ar,-to just clear the wheel. The hub H of the wheelmay therefore extend somewhat in under the said upper flange, thus fixing the position of theouter vertical'face of the boxing bearing proper D, so that the bearing proper, in order to attain a suitable length, may to, advantage extend through the side sill, as shown. I

In order that the axle bearing D, Fig. 5, may wear evenly, and thus with the least friction, and also with the least cutting action on the axle, the wei ht of the car and car lading transmitted by the side sill B, shouldevidently be transmitted, as nearly as otherwisev practical, to the approximate center of the said bearing, thus near' enough, a balanced bearing,

although not necessarily an exactly equally balanced'bearing. j v v H Even if the axle G, still Fig. 5, is truly horizontal, and the axle"'bearin proper D, is exactly at right angles to, an I well riveted to the. truly perpendicular side sillB, if this side still were at, say the, )extreme left edge, as shown, of the b'e'aring, the riveting", in due o0urse,would be so strained that the left edge 'of the bearing'would rather quickly lcut into the'axle, resultingin 'ra id destruction of same, f

the'bearing is a balanced bearing, near' enough, "the axle.

vidently, ,so long as hearing face in the axle box-in will be automatically maintained paral elj to. the

axle itself, without strain onthe boxing rivets,v an object of nov little importance.

'- he' extension of theaxle be'arm ,thro'ughthe side sill, necessarilv increases t e amount of ,l netal removed .from the .side sill for that pur ose, which, however,- as "already expla-me can be readily compensated for, by the requisite additional side sill bracing. Cast steel can not so well be cast' with square corners, so that the corners are more usually somewhat rounded, the resulting curves being sometimes termed fillets, as shown in the severalillustrations.

As shown in Fig. 9, the punching of the vertical connecting member B, of the side sill, to admit of the insertion of the axle boxing proper D, will result in a somewhat square edge, which however may be readily removed by reaming off or countersinking say" on a 45 degree angle, as shown in Fig. 10, the; said square edge'of-the connecting member B, when the boxing hole in theconnecting member may be made of such size as to just neatlyreceive the axle boxing proper D, clear of the fillet.

Irregularities of track are of more freasshown. When the front" wheels hit the curved upturned end of the rail termed the horns of the dump, the wheels necessarily come to an instant stop, but the car, if it is moving fast enough,'before it will come to a dead stop, will forcethe boxing bearing D,

Fig. 5, see also Fig. 4, to slide upon the axle,

along the 45 degree slope ofthe elongated axle bearing or slot, until the canal: the forwardaxle, has been raised the as above, thus attaining my; automatic or gravi ty'shock absorber action',-but again without the use'of either springs, or moving parts, as

well as without additionalcost. This greatly reduces both the derailmentand dumping shocks, so far as the car is concerned, andin the case of the dumping shock, also redu ces'the shock of the tipp'le structure-it- 'fself, which is no smalladvantage, with the heavier cars now IllldBP-QODSldGIEtlOD.

' "Two flat shear bars I, may be placed over the side sill lower flange Bf, their innerends bearing against thelower; vertical part of the axle boxing bearingf proper, just about 'wheregam-e mergesinto theboxin'g flange,

as shown; the .fia'nge' rivetsflF assing through the boxing flange D, the sil flange B and the said shear bars.

' Figures'll and} 12,; illustrate more particu- ,larly the'us'e of ship channel's forside sills, with the adaptation 'of 'myLim rOVed boxing to same. In this case, it will be evident, the boxing flange I) must with the ship channel be above the sill flange B, the boxing face D, being extended upwardly, as shown, until it meets and bears against the underside of the upper ship channel flange B and there turned outwardly, to form the boxing upper flange D, where it is riveted in place.

\Vith the ship channel side sill shown in Fig. 11, the horizontal reinforcing strip J, below the car bottom K, is also of cast steel, and having a downwardly projecting or vertical flange J the lower part of which is an arc of circle, in the center of the strip, as shown; the reinforcing strip and the car bottom being riveted to the under side of the sill bottom flange B With the pressed steel Z-bar side sill B, Fig. 4, the car bottom K may be conveniently riveted to the top of the side sill bottom flange B Fig. 5.

My improved style of boxing, however,

possesses substantial advantages, even if the axle bearing is not elongated, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, which figures also illustrate its application to a built-up Z-bar side sill which replaces the pressed steel Z-bar side sill B, of Figs. 4 and 5. v

The web plate B, evidently forms the vertical connecting member of the sidesill, to the upper edge of which is riveted the angle, the upper horizontal leg 13, of which forms the upper horizontal member of the side sill, a corresponding angle being riveted to the bottom part of the web plate, but on the opposite side, the lower horizontal leg B of which angle, forms the lower horizontal member of the supporting side sill. The lower edge of the boxing face plate D, as before, is extended inwardly so as to form the boxing horizontal flange D", the upper face of which bears neatly against the under side of thelower horizontal member 13 of the side sill; the boxing face plate and flange as well as the built up Z-bar itself, being suitably riveted together, as shown. The car bottom K? may be conveniently riveted to the top of the lower horizontalleg 13 of the said lower angle.

My improved boxing may evidently be applied to any of the forms of flanged metal beams, whether pressed, rolled, built up or composite, in whole or in part, as side sills.

In order to prevent the outside face of the boxing proper D, Fig. 5, from being too rapidly cut away bv the inner adjacent face of the wheel hub H, all the :boxings may have a broad outer vertical bearing face D, Fig. 5.

As will be noticed in Fig. 2, the right and left boxings have their axle bearing slots sloped in oppositedirections, partly because with the side wise dumping car shown, either end'of thecar may first reachthe dump, so

that the gravity shock absorber action will result whichever way the car may be dumped. Then too, with this arrangement, not, however, essential, the derailment shock absorber action will take place in so far as the front wheels are concerned, whether the car is being hauled either in or out of the mines, the cars not being usually turned around for this purpose; it therefore follows, whichever way the axle bearing slots are turned, the gravity shock absorber action will take place some time or other, under some conditions.

From Figs. 21 and 22, for instance, it will be evident, that the left boxing D, as shown, for the near side sill B, will serve for the right boxing, for the far side sill, thus only requiring two boxing patterns, instead of four, and may thus be termed reversible boxings.

This invention, however, admits of further variation, still entirely within its scope, along several lines.

The fundamental object of the mine car rotary-axle bearing, in the actual practice of today, is merely to permit the axle to turn around, frequently enough, so that the than at the top, where it is so nearly under constant strain, and where all the wear, near enough, Wlll. come from such turnings of the axle, as may occur,'from time to time.

This shortening of the width of the axle bearing, at the bottom of the elongated slot, will save a little ofthe cast steel, in the boxing, which is expensive enough. The further advantage, however, which is one of considerable and fundamental importance, is that by this means the amount of metal necessarily removed from the side sill, may be materiall reduced. i

'The axle Fig. 15, is placed at the same distance above the bottom of the side sill B", as the axle in Fig. 4, for the purpose of comparison; the eneral-design,- however, of the outside face of the Fig. 15, box ing, being evidently similar to that of the Fig. 6 boxing. The more essential difference however, between the Fig. 15 boxing, and those previously described, is shown by Figs. 16 and 17.-

As shown in Fig-1'7, the portion of the axle bearing proper D". which extends through the vertical-web B, of the 2-bit!- side sill, seealso Fig. 16, is only approxiin the boxing, as well as the reduction in the amountof metal, necessarily removed from the vertical member'of the side sill,

will be evident from a comparison of'Figs.

'5 and 16, see also Fig. 17.

The amount of metal removed from the vertical web of the side sill, can be further reduced by the'form of boxing shown in Figs. 18, 19an'd 20, which however, requires due to the boxing the addition of a secondary inside boxing D, Fig. 20, the latter having the vertical attaching face plate D fg'Fig. 19. The main or outside boxing, D Fig.20, has two hollow lateral inwardly extending bosses D, Fig. 18, extending *through'both the vertical web B of the side sill, and also through the inner boxing face plate. 'Over the end of these bosses, are placed washers L, Fig. 19, which overlap theface plate D, the boxing rivets F holding the sev- 23, unless the wheel does, although it may eral parts in working position. What would be the left washer and rivet, as shown, have been omitted, in' order to expose the inner face of the left outside boxing boss D Evidently, the outside boxing bosses will take care of. any shocks or strains, due to the weight of the car or otherwise, to which the inside boxing may be subjected from time to'time. This is evidently my improved boxing,

parts, suitably united,

It is, however, important to note, that' my improved boxing may also be made, with elongated axle bearings on slopes or pitches other than gravity shock absorbing slopes, and which also maybe made vertical, as the vertical slot M, Fig. 19.

described, except of course, soi-bing function. \Vith merely" the vertical elongated axle bearing the wheels will still remainin contact with the rail on uneven track, thus saving many wrecks.

It is also to be noted, that my improved boxing may be made without any axle play whatever, as in Fig. G, has no play, as in the present form of boxing now in general use. a i

There are also-many otherforms of industrial service, as in the case of quarry cars, in which my improved boxing may be applied. The boxing maybe said to carry, but the entire weight As will be evident, from Fig. 16, for

any.

D, has" been so deexample, theboxing signed that it so long as the load is a quiescent load, without any appreciable assistance, from the boxing rivets F due maijnlyto the position of the boxing flange D". The boxing therefore, as well as the bearing, may be p termed near enough equally balanced,

' ously' Where the axle made in two wheeled rotary axle Such boxings willhave all the other advantages heretofore the shock 'ab- 13, in which the axle side sill.

will carry the sidesill B termed a sill supporting bottom flange.

Even-{if all the boxingriv'ets becameIser1-' v loosened, the extension of the axle bearing through the "vertical member of the side sill,-'will evidently retain the boxing near enough in workingpositiomnntilnew rivets can be inserted, which advantage wouldal'so apply to the boxing bosses l),

Figs. 18 and 19.

In Fig. 9 may described, that between proper I) See alsothejsimilar' space Ni, As eventhe harder grades of cast steeLare relatively soft, for this purpose, the broad,

wheel boxing evidently be'replaced by a special hardened wrought steel washerO, Flgs. '15 which evidently, cannotcome ofi, see Fig;

or in: stance, by the bolt P. The p out thelattaching extensions 0 Fig. 15.

dently,the washer cannotjturn around,

be 'seen the small space, N, bearing fillet previously the vcrticalmember of the side sill-B, and the axle bearing.

bearing face D, Fig. 5", may

aring is elongated, 'evi- 1 and 16, i

the wheel does, which would wear away the adjacent cast steel. What I claim, is i '1. In. combination, "a longitudinalsupg porting flanged metal side sill, and a boxing consisting of an f integral" structure including a balanced axle bearing contained within the side sill,

a vertical attaching face also. actingas" a side sill reinforcing: element, and. a bottom" flange which serves thefdouble purpose of supporting the side sillfand that of reinforcing the side sill. p v M 2. In combination, a longitudinal support ing' flangedmetal side sill, and a" wheele rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure. including a balanced axle bearingcontained within the side-sill and elongated at right angles to the ,axle on a gravity shock absorbing'slope, a vertical attaching' face also acting as, a side 'sill-rein forcing element, and a bottomflange which the double purpose of sup serves side sill and also that of rein 3. In combination, a longitudinal supportciting the miaa ing flanged metal side sill, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including a balanced axle bearing contained within the side sill and having. a,

wheel bearing face, a vertical attaching face also acting as a side sill reinforcingxelement, and a bottom flange which serves t e double urpose of supporting the side sill and also that of reinforcing the said side sill.

' side sill and of v wheeled axle boxing 4. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including a balanced axle bearing contained within the side sill and elongated at right angles to the axle, a vertical attaching face also acting as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and reinforcing the side sill.

5. In combination, a longitudinal metal Z-bar supporting side sill, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including a balanced axle bearing contained within the side sill, a vertical at taching face also acting as a side -sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and reinforcing the side sill.

6. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, and a rotary consisting of an integral structure inc udingan axle bearing contained within theside sill, a vertical attaching face intermediate the ends of the caring andalso acting as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and reinforcing the side sill.

7. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side si 1, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including a balanced axle bearing contained within the side sill, a vertical attaching face also actin as a side sill reinforcing element, and a ottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the n reinforcing the said side s1 8. In combination, a longitudinal su porting flanged metal side, si 1, and a wlieeled rota axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including an ,ax-lebearing contained within the sidesillfandflelongated at right angles to theaxle, iverticaljattaching face intermediate f the/ends" of thefbearing and-acting also as a side'sill reinforcing ele- -ment, and a bottom flange which'serves the doub e purpose of supportin I theside sill andofreinforcing the side siIl.

9. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill; and. a wheeled rotary axle boxing consistm of an integral structure including an axle flearin contained within the side sill and elon atefl at right angles to the axle on a gravity 5 ock a vertical attaching facepsi absorbin slope, intermediate the ends of the bearing and also acting as a side sill reinforcing element and a bottom flange which serves the doub e pur use of supportingfthe side sill and that o reinforcing the side sill.

10. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, and a wheeled rotary axle, consisting of an 11. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing, consisting of an integral structure including a top balanced axle bearing elongated at right angles to the axle and contained within the side sill, a vertical attaching face intermediate the ends of the bearing and also acting as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and that of reinforcing the side sill.

12. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, a rotary wheeled axle, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including an axle bearing extending through the said side sill, a vertical attaching face also acting as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and also that of reinforcing the side sill.

13. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, and a wheeled rotary axle boxing consisting of an integral structure including an axle bearing thetop portion of which extends through the side sill, a v'ertical attaching face which also acts as a side sill reinforcing element,

ing as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and also that of reniforcing the'said side sill.

15. In combination, longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sills, and reversible wheeled rotary axle boxings consisting of integral structures including balfanced axle bearings contained within the de sills and elongated at right angles to the axles on a gravity shock absorbing slope, vertical attaching faces also acting as side sill reinforcing elements, and bottom flanges which serve the double purposes of supporting the side sills and also that of reinforcing the said side sills.

16. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, an elonstructure including a balancedaxle bearing contained within the side silland elongated atright angles to the axle on a gravity shock absorbing slope, a vertical attaching face also acting as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side 1 sill and also that of reinforcing the side sill.

17. In combination, a longitudinal supporting flanged metal side sill, an elongated wheel bearing washer, and a wheeled rotary axle boxlng conslsting of an lntegral structure including a balanced axle bearing contained within the side sill and elongated at right angles to the axle, a vertical attaching face also acting as a side sill reinforcing element, and a bottom flange which serves the double purpose of supporting the side sill and also that of reinforcing the side sill.

AUDLEY HART STOW. 

